Prestige+World+Wide

The Fall of the Roman Empire During Ciceros Rule Below are important people from the Fall of Rome [|1st Triumvirate] -Crassus -Pompey -Caesar

[|2nd Triumvirate] -Antony -Lepidus -Octavian-A.K.A Augustus-A.K.A Caesar // **  http://www.tacitus.nu/images/kartor/rom/Rom450.gif **

//// **[|Timeline]** //
 * 106 BC || Marcus Tullius Cicero born at Arpinum 3 January ||
 * c.104 || His brother Quintus born. ||
 * c.94-90 || Education in philosophy and rhetoric. ||
 * c.90 || Serves in the army in the Social War under Gnaeus Pompeius Strabo, father of Pompey the Great. ||
 * c.89 || Studies law under Quintus Mucius Scaevola and Scaevola’s cousin of the same name. ||
 * 88-82 || Civil unrest. ||
 * 82-79 || Dictatorship of Sulla. ||
 * 81 || Cicero’s first case, Pro Quinctio. ||
 * 80/79 || Marries Terentia. They have two children, Tullia (b. c.78) and Marcus Tullius Cicero (b. 65). ||
 * 79 || Successfully defends Sextus Roscius Amerinus against a charge of parricide (Pro Roscio Amerino//).// ||
 * 79-77 || Travels in Greece and the eastern Mediterranean. ||
 * 75 || Quaestor in Sicily. Now qualifies to sit in the senate. ||
 * 70 || First consulship of Crassus and Pompey. Cicero successfully prosecutes Verres for extortion. ||
 * 69 || Aedile. ||
 * 68 || Surviving correspondence with Atticus begins. ||
 * 66 || Praetor. Delivers De Imperio Gn. Pompei, //supporting the transfer of the command against Mithridates to Pompey. Foregoes a provincial governorship in order to prepare for the consular election for 63.// ||
 * 63 || Consul, with Gaius Antonius, whose acquiescence Cicero buys by ceding to him the governorship of Macedonia for the following year. Conspiracy of Catiline, and execution of its leaders. Cicero delivers Pro Murena//, in defence of one of the consuls for 62 who had been accused by Cato of rigging the polls.// ||
 * 62 || Tullia marries Gaius Calpurnius Piso Frugi, to whom she had been betrothed in 67. Pompey returns to Italy. Bona Dea affair. ||
 * 61 || Caesar is governor in Spain. ||
 * 60 || “First Triumvirate”, in which Cicero refuses to participate. ||
 * 59 || Caesar is consul. ||
 * 58 || Clodius is tribune of the people. Cicero declared an exile. ||
 * 58-49 || Caesar in Gaul. ||
 * 57 || Cicero returns from exile. ||
 * 56 || Death of Piso Frugi. Renewal of “First Triumvirate”. Cicero delivers in the senate De Provinciis Consularibus//, in favour of Caesar.// ||
 * 55 || Second consulship of Crassus and Pompey. Tullia marries Furius Crassipes. Cicero publishes De Oratore//, on rhetoric, and// In Pisonem//, a speech attacking Calpurnius Piso, Caesar’s father-in-law.// ||
 * 53 || Death of Crassus in Parthia. Cicero elected to college of augurs. ||
 * 52 || Death of Clodius. Pro Milone //is the speech Cicero failed to deliver at the trial of Milo for the murder. Pompey is sole consul. Divorce of Tullia and Crassipes.// ||
 * 51 || Cicero publishes De Re Publica //(On the Republic). Is governor of Cilicia from summer 51 to summer 50.// ||
 * 50 || Tullia, against her father’s judgment, marries Cornelius Dolabella. ||
 * 49 || Caesar crosses Rubicon 11 January. Beginning of civil war. After a personal meeting with Caesar 28 March, Cicero decides not to attend the session of the senate which Caesar has called in Rome, and subsequently joins the camp of Pompey in Greece. ||
 * 48 || Defeat and subsequent murder of Pompey. Caesar appointed dictator. In October Cicero returns to Italy, but on the orders of Mark Antony can go no farther than Brundisium. ||
 * 47 || In September he meets Caesar, who gives him permission to go where and when he likes. ||
 * 46 || Suicide of Cato, on whom Cicero writes an eloquent eulogy. Caesar’s rebuttal, Anticato, strives unsuccessfully to blacken Cato’s name. Cicero divorces Terentia and marries Publilia, a teenager with money who is his ward. ||
 * 46-44 || Writings include Brutus//, a dialogue on orators and oratory,// Consolatio//, on the deaths of great men,// Academica//, on the philosophical doctrines of the Greek Academy,// Tusculanae Disputatione//s, on happiness,// De Natura Deorum//, on the gods,// De Fato //(On Destiny), and the essays// De Senectute //(On Old Age),// De Amicitia //(On Friendship), and// De Officiis //(On Duty).// ||
 * 45 || Death of Tullia. Cicero divorces Publilia. ||
 * 44 || Assassination of Caesar. ||
 * 44-43 || Cicero delivers his “Philippics” against Mark Antony. ||
 * 43 || Second Triumvirate orders the death of Cicero. ||

__Cicero to Atticus (Ad Att. 7.4) Dec. 10/11? 50 B.C. Near Rome?__
....Pompey I saw, on the 10th of December. We were together two hours perhaps. With a great delight, it seemed to me, he was affected by my arrival....Concerning the Res Publica, however, he so spoke to me that no doubt we shall have war. Nothing about hope of reconciliation....What more? Nothing else consoles me, unless it is that when his {Caesar's} enemies have given him another consulship and fortuna has given him the highest power, I do not judge that he will be so demented that he will bring these [advantages] into the risk of a decisive conflict. But if he does begin his rush to ruin, then truly there are many things which I fear, things which I do not dare to write...

__ ** Analysis **   __
==== Cicero is telling Atticus that war is almost inevitable and he will win and be successful and take full power. During his victory though he tells Atticus that he will not become crazy or demented so much that it will be of importance to be written about. He could also mean that he will not become so crazy and sick that the public will feel the need to assassinate him. ====

The Roman Repubic was run by two consuls, and a senate, and it's democracy was much like Athens'. In 510BC, Rome broke free from the Etruscan monarchy.
====In 60 BC, the First Triumvirate was formed, and it consisted of Pompey, Caesar, and Crassus. Caesar manipulated the Senate by securing his election through alliances. The First Triumvirate was famous within the Roman Empire, but it was never officially formed. Caesar patched up things with the two former enemies, Crassus and Pompey, and Caesar supported Crassus politically. The name, The First Triumvirate, is misleading. Not only were many more men included in the factio, but this group was never called that by the Roman people. Other involved men included Lucius Lucceius, Lucius Calpurnius Piso, Cicero, and Bibulus. There were issues when Caesar was trying to be elected as consul. By law, the consul had to be 42 years of age, but by record, Caesar was only 40. His opposers fought this idea, but the strict laws were negated during this time of the Roman Republic.==== ====Caesar's first law to pass was one publicly releasing debates and procedures of the Senate. Caesar wanted to publicize arguments, making himself seem more heroic. Bibulus was against Caesar, and spent the remainder of his Consulship trying to break down the political system. By the end of 59 BC, Caesar had the support of the two most powerful men in Rome, along with the majority of the Roman people.==== ====After the death of Crassus, civil war broke out between Caesar and Pompey for control of Rome. In 49 BC, the Senate, backing Pompey, ordered the disbandment of Caesar's armies, but instead, Caesar left to Gaul. After fighting for 5 years, Caesar defeated his enemy and became the ruler of Rome. ==== ====  The second triumvirate consisted of a three-man group to rule Rome, formed to fill the gap in government left by Julius Caesar's death. The members were Octavian, Marc Antony, and Lepidus. When Antony became involved with Cleopatra and decided to fight Rome, Octavian played a part in defeating Antony's forces. Once Antony was out of the way and Lepidus was forced to retire, Octavian was free to become Augustus Caesar. ====